Environmental Scanning Techniques - 1335 Words

ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING Environmental Scanning can be defined as the process by which organizations monitor their relevant environment to identify opportunities and threats affecting their business for the purpose of taking strategic decisions. Factors to be Considered for Environmental Scanning The external environment in which an organization exists consists of a bewildering variety of factors. These factors (could also be termed as influences) are events, trends, issues and expectations of different interested groups. These factors are explained below: Events are important and specific occurrences taking place in different environmental sectors. Trends are the general tendencies of the courses of action along which events†¦show more content†¦These approaches may range from an informal assessment of the environmental factors to a highly systematic and formal procedure. Informal assessment may be adopted as a reactive measure to a crisis and ad hoc studies may be undertaken occasionally. A highly systematic and formal procedure may be used as a proactive measure in anticipation of changes in environmental factors and structured data collection and processing system may be used continuously. Methods and Techniques Used for Environmental Scanning The range of methods and techniques available for environmental scanning is wide. There are formal and systematic techniques as well as intuitive methods available. Strategists may choose from among these methods and techniques, those which suit their needs in terms of the quantity, quality, availability, timeliness, relevance and cost of environmental information. Various authors have mentioned the methods and techniques used for environmental scanning. LeBell and Krasner outline nine groups of techniques: single-variable extrapolation, theoretical limit envelopes, dynamic modes, mapping, multivariable interaction analysis, unstructured expert opinion, structured expert opinion, structured inexpert opinion and unstructured inexpert speculation. Fahey, King and Narayanan have included ten techniques in their survey of environmental scanningShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Accor Hotels : Company Profile947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most widely recognized approach for considering the external business environment (Gupta, 2013). PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Legal and environmental analysis and describe a framework of macro environmental factors utilized as a part of the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Generally, all the PESTLE factors might not important for all types of industry its depends up industry nature or size. This PESTLE analysis is based onRead MoreComplex and Dynamic Business World Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesdynamic and complex business world, it is important to decide whether to use and trust in planning tools or if one should abandon them because they are made for more stable environments. This essay will give an overview of the planning tools and techniques that exist for assessing the environment. It will discuss the use of planning tools in a complex and dynamic business world. The statement that planning should be abandoned in a complex and dynamic business world will be discussed in the followingRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essays952 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Scan Nanette Guffey MGT/ 498 – Strategic Management Richard Haines September 17th, 2012 Environmental scanning is an organization’s strategic management and is actual important to the corporation. Environmental scanning is getting-together data for the external and the internal of the company.Read MoreScanning Electron Microscopy And Microscopy1214 Words   |  5 Pages1. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Scanning electron microscopy uses a focused beam of electrons to develop an image of the surface. Signal is generated by the interaction of electrons with the surface, which are then detected and perceived to obtain image and desired information related to the characteristics and topography. 1.1. WHY SEM USES ELECTRONS? The resolution power of an eye is about 0.2 mm. However, utilizing a microscope magnify this resolution power. The modern light microscope has aRead MoreEnviromental Scanning1269 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental scanning MGT/498 October 29, 2012 John Fritch Environmental scanning Coco-Cola and Pepsi are two major competitors in the beverage industry but each company is working on being different even though each company has similar products. Both companies are very popular and each company needs to develop and maintain a competitive edge that will help one or the other stay above the other. To gain a competitive edge, measurement guidelines need to be implemented to make sure thatRead MoreUnderstanding The Benefits Of Strategic Management1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfour basic elements, which are environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and evaluation and control. This model is important as it is rational and prescriptive. This model predicts that as the environmental uncertainty increases, corporations that work more diligently to analyze and predict more accurately. Environmental scanning is critical to the strategic management as it helps firms to identify strategic factors. Environmental scanning can be conducted using SWOT (Str engthsRead MoreBHP Billitons Global Success1608 Words   |  7 Pages ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING: It is defined as the process to determining the external and internal environment of company to know about the opportunities and threats and its plan for the future by using monitoring, forecasting and assessment techniques. It mainly done in three following steps: A. Quick scanning for overview B. Regular scanning at regular intervals ( in years) C. Continuous data collection, continuous monitoring and assessment of work environments. Environmental scanning: ItRead MoreUnderstanding The Benefits Of Strategic Management1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof four basic elements, which are environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and evaluation and control. Discussion on the basic model and the basic elements of strategic management helps to make strategic decisions. This model is important as it is rational and prescriptive. This model predicts that as the environmental uncertainty increases, corporations work more diligently to analyze and predict more accurately. Environmental scanning is critical to the strategic managementRead MoreAn Introduction To Organizational Strategic Management958 Words   |  4 Pagesits relative internal shortcomings and competencies, anticipated changes in the business environment, and contingent moves by intelligent opponents. He further defines strategic management as a focus on the integration of managerial skills and techniques like financial accounting, mark eting, production management, human resource management, and research development to accomplish the organisational success (Weigl, 2008). This paper is an analysis of organisational strategic management focusing onRead MoreThe Macro And Micro And Macro Factors Influence Marketing Decision Process Of Tesco1101 Words   |  5 Pages Tesco carries out an environmental scanning process frequently to figure out all those business concerns and address them in order to remain competitive, and market force. Tesco has carried out an environmental scanning process for the business plan without doing such delineated process of scanning the environment, they would not be here today not being a multinational store. 1.1. Show the macro and micro and macro factors influence marketing decision process of Tesco. Macro environments

Sexual Abuse Of Minors Essay - 863 Words

Sexual abuse of minors is a systemic problem that is not going to disappear. Lawmakers and organizations must be proactive and work together in order to protect the vulnerable young people in the society. Additional clarity and enforcement of laws is needed as well as ethical and moral leadership within organizations that prioritize people rather than worldly success. Leaders from both secular institutions and religious organizations have the duty to take proactive measures to protect minors. Christian leaders have an even higher calling to protect children and lead ethically. Biblical Leadership As part of their vocation, Christian leaders have the responsibility to lead ethically and work for the common good. Mohler Jr. (2017) writes,†¦show more content†¦Allen (2012) states â€Å"A strong culture of compliance starts with the tone at the top and clear written standards, with training and accountability at all levels.† Leaders have the responsibility to lead the organization ethically and mandate that all its employees conduct themselves according to the policy. Leaders must be willing to admit when there is an unethical action taking place and report it. They have the ethical obligation to report abuse even if it means damaging the reputation of their organization. Leaders must lead with conviction and protect others, especially the vulnerable. Leaders must be willing to do the right thing even when it is difficult. Conclusion Jerry Sandusky’s horrific abuse of young boys over decades will go down in history as one of the greatest scandals in United States history. The leadership of Penn State University along with the University police failed numerous times which enabled Sandusky to prey upon more victims. The administration worked together to cover up the abuse. Still to this day, many alumni and fans support Joe Paterno and claim that he is innocent. Penn State administration and Joe Paterno failed to protect innocent child because they placed greater value on the football program. Allen (2012) states â€Å"The Penn State scandal could have been prevented had the universitys leaders had the courage to challenge its revered football program.† Unfortunately, they strayed from theirShow MoreRelatedexercise 7 en1420 Essay748 Words   |  3 Pagesinterruptions of both. His sub claim is approached by people who are characterized as normal; male-female conduct as sexual harassment then people n ot only identifies the relations between the sexes, but interprets true sexual harassment. The other point is that people who define modern Feminism by different perspectives on normal deportment that is said to be harassment, near rape, abuse and disrespect. The feminist support leaders are attempting to make the case that any expression of interest by aRead More The Morphing of Child Pornography Essay732 Words   |  3 Pagesmodernize federal law by enhancing its ability to combat child pornography in the cyberspace era(Free Speech). There is a split in the circuit courts regarding this bill, and this essay will address the discrepancy.    This piece of legislation classifies an image that appears to be or conveys the impression of a minor engaging in sexually explicit acts as virtual child pornography. Such images include a photograph of a real child that may be scanned, replicated and manipulated by computerRead MoreThe Legalization Of The Prostitution1040 Words   |  5 Pageshousehold property . However, this essay argues the positive aspects of the legalization of the prostitution and the cons of the legalization of the prostitution. The main three pros to the legalization of the prostitution consist of how can prostitution be a source of tax revenue, then the legalization of it would reduce the sexual abuse but also crimes and violence and finally, it would make the sex workers healthier. And finally, the main three cons of the essay will be first showing how much theRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children1518 Words   |  7 PagesChild Abuse Our skills topic is based on child abuse. In this essay I am going to discuss the impact and background of child abuse. As a dictionary had stated, Child abuse is a physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment or neglect of a child or children. And I believe this issue should be brought forth so that more people could be aware of this. There are four types of child abuse, and the four types are Child Neglect, Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Sexual Abuse. Child Neglect is the firstRead MoreThe Uprising Question Here Is Why Are Individuals ( Mostly Men ) Sexually Attracted?1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe uprising question here is â€Å"Why are individuals (mostly men) sexually attracted to children?† My answer to this question would be the term â€Å"pedophilia.† Pedophilia is defined as sustaining a sexual attraction for younger children, or a simpler way to put it, â€Å"the love for children.† (â€Å"Using APA,† 2015.) After looking into a few different theories of this term, the one I agree with most would be assuming that the individual had failed to advance from being a child that was interested in other childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexuality On Children s Sexual Abuse1652 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties. With regard the sexual treatment of children, the shift in thinking that has taken place has been also major. Jenks (1996) outlines that in history there have been recorded a multitude of examples of sexual maltreatment of children, that in nowadays would be defined as child sexual abuse. Only in the last three decades there have been a strong and overwhelming societal response towards this subject which sanctions and condemns it . Throughout history, child sexual abuse term has constitutedRead MoreShould Abortions Be Induced Abortions?1069 Words   |  5 Pagessolely based on the individual mothers-to-be culture. The United States, however, has numerous views that are completely different from those in other countries. This essay will review the legislative activity regarding abortions from the past forty-two years to the present, more specifically, it will discuss the recent controversies of minors having induced abortions without parental consent. Unlike some countries, The United States considers it necessary to regulate and enforce abortion laws to ensureRead MoreHow They Got Here: The History of Saudi Women1551 Words   |  7 Pagessupport of these values have led to the degradation of Saudi women’s rights. Before Islam, the society of the Arabian Peninsula was based on tribal and familial relationships. These tribal bonds were based on alliances between families (Cultural, Essay). In this society, men headed business, and power was passed between the men of the family. As tribes and families were the only social spheres, these groups served as chief identity for early Arabs. According to The Library of Congress, â€Å"familiesRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Child Abuse1565 Words   |  7 Pagesand effects of child abuse, suggestions to assist victims and punishment for abusers. Each year, nearly a million children are determined by child protective services to be the victims of abuse and/or neglect in this/country, while many more are at risk. The majority of victims suffer from neglect, but some children also endure the effects of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse. Child abuse results in several social, emotional and psychological problems. This essay will discuss the causesRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1605 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Meadowcroft Research Essay Composition 1 Childhood Abuse Every child will certainly have many life experiences before they are mature. A child is very susceptible when developing, at every corner there are dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously impact their entire life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that could be harmful to the child’s body or mental state (kidsmatter)

Observe the Personality of the Candidate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Observe the Personality of the Candidate? Answer: Introducation The human resource management observe the personality of the candidate at the time of recruiting and selecting the candidates in their organisation. The personality of the candidates plays a significant role in selecting the job and placing them in the selected job as matched to their personality. Therefore it is a major responsibility for the managers for selecting the candidates having right personality for the appropriate job. The managers conduct this job by applying the theory of personalities. In this essay the discussion has been emphasized on the personality theories those are important in selection and recruitment of the candidates. Personality is been defined as the traits as well as characteristics of unique set relating with the stable period of time. Personality is a unique phenomenon as it is different and varies from person to person. It is believed to be a active concept that describes the psychological growth as well as development of the person which is very much significant for doing various job. Person having different personality than the required job does not suit for the job and that is the failure of the manager to assess the personality of the candidate (Wagner and Hollenback 2014). Personality incorporates a man's moderately steady emotions, patterns of behaviour and thoughts. Everyone has a one of a kind personality that separates us from individuals, as well as understanding somebody's identity gives hints about how that individual is probably going to act and feel in an assortment of circumstances. To oversee adequately, it is useful to comprehend the identities of various workers. Having thi s information is additionally valuable for putting individuals into occupations and associations. The managers need to test the personality of the candidates while going through the round of interviews for recruitment and selection. Managers can undergo the following steps for testing the personality of the students. Managers should note the traits of personality before hiring the candidate. Before the managers hire the new candidate for the new role they should integrate the job description before the candidate. This will help the manager to know the kind of personality that the candidate possesses. It will also help in analysing the skill as well as experience and the things that the candidate will help in bringing for the organisation. The big five traits could be use and put together with the blue print of personalities and with the help of traits the manager can identify the personality. The manager should also look for the appropriate personality that can be best suit to the culture of the company (Vernon 2014). As big organisations are large on culture for buffering theref ore it can be used for the hiring process for evaluating the better decisions on the personality and applying the candidates whose personality matches the best. Clear understanding of the traits of personality which suits job role the best is significant for hiring. The five big traits of personality can be used by HR managers to help themselves for placing accurate personality candidate in the appropriate place. The five traits termed as OCEAN are been described as are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Openness includes the trait such as being insightful as well as imaginative also having broad scope of interests. The person who possesses this type of personality is generally open and tends to get mixed with other people in a less amount of time. They are not diplomatic and hence the higher privacy jobs should not be given to them (Judge and Zapata 2015). They show interests in different type of jobs and thus can be used as the multi skilled employees. Conscientiousness is been referred to as the number of gaols on which the person focuses. These types of people are generally imaginative as well as creative who fundamentally focuses on the few number of goals in one time. They are self disciplined, organised, careful, responsible, systematic and thorough. People whose personality has greater degree of conscientiousness are reliable and they are also fast in their work (Heidemeir and Gritz 2016). The managers should place these types of people in the job role which requires prompt response and quick decision making ability. In an engineering firm these type of people can be placed in designed department as well as they can handle the work of manufacturing department as they are having quick response and great decision making ability. Extroversions are those kinds of people who receive energy by interacting with the other people. On the other hand Introverts are methodical, thorough and organised. They get the working energy from themselves and they generally do not interact that much with the surrounding peoples. Extroversion incorporates the traits such as assertive, energetic and talkative (Jia, Jia and Karau 2013). They are great performers of job than the introvert in the job field like marketing positions, personal relationships and sales. Therefore the managers have to identify this personality during the procedure or recruitment as this personality trait is important. During the session of interview no candidate will show their quality of extroverts and it is the responsibility of the manager to understand it. If introvert person is placed in the marketing profile then no wander he will fail in this job (Willie and De Fruyt 2014). Agreeableness is the trait where the individual are compassionate, friendly as well as cooperative. People having less agreeableness traits maintain distance from the surroundings. This trait also incorporates being sympathetic, kind and affectionate. People having high agreeable has the capability of having good relationship in the workplace with the mangers, co-workers and managers (Knezevic et al. 2016). People possessing this personality traits must be placed in job position like sales, approaching the vendors job as this type of personality trait is very much necessary. The last of the five traits is Neuroticism. It is also refers to as the emotional stability. It relates to as the degree of negative emotions for the stability of emotions. People who are having high Neuroticism can experiences instability in emotions and the traits of Neuroticism are moody as well as tense. Person who are suffering from neuroticism are to be identified first by the managers as this type of people can damage the environment of work (Leuner et al. 2014). If they are been selected they need to be trained first by the organisation and then they should be placed in the job role. The traits can be described accounting to the traits theory, Adler Jungle theory, Social learning theory and Holistic theory. Traits theory is the traditional approach for understanding the personality and describes the personality in the terms of trait. The theory view personality in the form of revolving the attempts for identifying as well as labelling the characteristics which can describe the behaviour of the individual. The popular traits include aggressiveness, laziness, shyness, submissiveness, loyalty, timidity as well as ambition. This distinctiveness in character when reflected in large number is known as personality traits. The assumption of the trait theory is on the basis of assumption. The first assumption states that traits may be common to several individuals as well as vary in real amount in between the individual. The second assumption states that the traits are been relatively stable and exert universal effects. The third assumption is Traits can very well be com puted and concluded from evaluation of the indicators of behaviours. Therefore managers can apply the trait theory for understanding the big five traits which are differently possessed by different candidate (Flesson and Jayawickreme 2015). According to the theory Adler superiority helps in inspiring the person. He built up the ideas like remuneration and feeling of inadequacy in view of the drive for power. He gave weight on social relationship rather than detainee or organic variables. He worried on individual uniqueness, style of life , and the inventive. Jung worried on oblivious part of psycho investigation. As indicated by him identity is based o pre-arranging design obtained by people from his precursors. Jung affirmed that the operation of a person's identity is as much future situated as established before. Two seeing capacities: sensation (typically called "detecting" in MBTI works) and Jung distinguished two sets of mental capacities: instinct Two judging capacities: thinking and feeling (Abend 2013). As indicated by Jung's typology show, every individual uses one of these four capacities more overwhelmingly and capably than the other three; in any case, each of the four capacities are utilized at various cir cumstances relying upon the conditions. Detecting and instinct are the data gathering (seeing) capacities. They portray how new data is comprehended and translated. Individuals who incline toward detecting will probably trust data that is in the present, unmistakable, and solid: that is, data that can be comprehended by the five detects. According to theory of Social learning situation is been considered as one of the significant factors for considering the personality of the person. The action of individual in the situation provided, appraisal of the environment is also the major factor that HR managers should consider at the time of recruitment and selection (Funder 2013). These factors within the candidates if noticeable then the hr managers can proceed to select the candidate for the organisation. Kolasa integrated the theory of several theorists to a theory known as Holistic theory. It includes the holistic, field and organismic theory. The managers can used this theory as it contains the integration of all theory and they can used all the theory at the same time. Therefore the managers can used the above stated theory for selecting the candidates of right personality at right job role for gaining the competitive advantages in the organisation. Reference list ABEND, S.M., 2013. Some problems in the evaluation of the psychoanalytic process.Psychoanalysis: The Science of Mental Conflict, p.209. Fleeson, W. and Jayawickreme, E., 2015. Whole trait theory.Journal of Research in Personality,56, pp.82-92. Funder, D.C., 2015.The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Heidemeier, H. and Gritz, A.S., 2016. The Instrumental Role of Personality Traits: Using Mixture Structural Equation Modeling to Investigate Individual Differences in the Relationships Between the Big Five Traits and Life Satisfaction.Journal of Happiness Studies,17(6), pp.2595-2612. Jia, H., Jia, R. and Karau, S., 2013. Cyberloafing and personality: Inpact of Marketing the Big Five traits and workplace situational factors.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(3), pp.358-365. Judge, T.A. and Zapata, C.P., 2015. The personsituation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), pp.1149-1179. KneÃ… ¾evi?, G., Lazarevi?, L.B., Bosnjak, M., Puri?, D., Petrovi?, B., Teovanovi?, P., Opa?i?, G. and BodroÃ… ¾a, B., 2016. Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence.Personality and Individual Differences,95, pp.214-222. Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 2014. The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits.Personality and individual differences,63, pp.58-63. Vernon, P.E., 2014.Personality Assessment (Psychology Revivals): A Critical Survey. Routledge. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wille, B. and De Fruyt, F., 2014. Vocations as a source of identity: Reciprocal relations between Big Five personality traits and RIASEC characteristics over 15 years.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(2), p.262.

The Freelance Writers Guide to Getting the Job Done

Are you a new freelance writer? If so, do you think: I can work anywhere and anytime I want. Yeah I can be my own BOSS! I can create my own schedule and choose the job thats right for me. No more dreading the daily grind! I will ultimately get paid for doing what I love the most: writing. I can get rich! All this can be true and more when you are a freelance writer, but dont let these awesome perks become the death of your career. In this 3-part mini blog series, Getting the Job Done,   I will cover proven techniques to help you become a successful freelance writer and get that job done. If you want to maximize your chance at being a successful freelance writer, check out my proven course for aspiring freelance writers called Write Your Way to Your First $1k. In this post, you will learn Work environment requirements Scheduling to fit maximum projects The different roles a freelance writer takes So lets get started. Here are the basic dos when it comes to being a freelance writer. Create a Clean and Organized Workspace I know when I started freelancing my services, I envisioned going to a Starbucks, ordering some fancy drink and plopping myself in a comfy chair with my laptop. Although I do this occasionally, its not my primary way of writing. I find that if all I did was go to a coffee house, I wouldnt be as productive if I had worked in my office. Why is that? Because working on my laptop at Starbucks means I will be interrupted by friends, baristas, and run of the mill noise that occurs in a coffee house. This, in turn, will produce   low work productivity, which means unsatisfied clients. Im also a stay-at-home mom of toddler twins. This means Im limited when I can steal away for a few hours out of the house. I need to be able to work comfortably in my home while I can still watch over my children. So in all my efforts to be a dedicated freelance writer, I chose a workspace that was free of distractions. My bedroom and my desk. I also made sure that my workspace was clean and organized. No more magazines or tissue boxes littering my desk. I only have my laptop, water bottle, and any other necessary gadgets like a keyboard and mouse occupying my desk. And you know what I found once I removed all distractions? I was able to write faster and better! Having a clean space helps you with focusing your thoughts to only writing. What if you dont have room for a desk? No problem! You can work at your kitchen table or turn your closet into a mini office if you dont have the space. What is great about being a freelance writer is the choice to choose your workspace. Set Regular Work Hours and Follow Them Its easy when you are a freelance writer to work into the wee hours of the morning or sleep in because you stayed up late the previous night. After all, youre the BOSS and you can work any time you want, right? Im here to tell you nope! If you want a successful freelance writing career, then be consistent with your work hours. Set an alarm in the morning to wake up the same time every morning. Its also a good idea to set regular breaks throughout the day for meals and just stretch or take a walk. This has a two-fold advantage because not only does this create a regular work schedule but taking breaks also increases productivity! You dont have to stick to conventional work hours either. Being a work at home writer means you can choose the hours you want to work. I find that I get most of my work done early in the morning and after 7 pm. But, I have twin toddlers to compete with my attention on a daily basis. I work when I can and work more when a family member can take them for the morning. Since I have to be a mom first, I try to work when I can. This usually during their naps, when I have childcare and after they go down for bed. This usually gets me a good 4 hours during most days of the week. Be Great At Managing Your Projects You will soon realize that working for yourself means putting on a lot of administrative hats, one of them being a project manager. What is a project manager? In a nutshell, the onus is on you to manage: multiple writing projects keeping tabs with each deadline communicating with your client either via email, skype or phone. branding and promoting yourself as a freelance writer for hire educating yourself on different writing styles keeping up to date on the latest Google updates that could potentially change the way you write How do you juggle all these administrative tasks while still producing high-quality writing for your clients? I find that being a sought-after freelance writer means you have to be able to manage your projects efficiently and effectively. To get a jumpstart in your freelance writing career, enroll in Write Your Way to Your First $1k today! In Part 2 of my mini blog series I will go in depth on how to be an effective project manager. I will also cover why manners count in this business. You are on the way to getting the job done so stay tuned!

When to Use a Singular or Plural Verb in Spanish

When to Use a Singular or Plural Verb in Spanish Spanish has several situations in which it may not be obvious whether a singular or plural verb should be used. These are some of the most common such cases. Collective Nouns Collective nouns - ostensibly singular nouns that refer to a group of individual entities - can be used with either a singular or plural verb for reasons that arent always clear. If the collective noun is immediately followed by a verb, a singular verb is used: La muchedumbre piensa que mis discursos no son suficientemente interesantes. (The crowd thinks my speeches arent sufficiently interesting.) But when the collective noun is followed by de, it can be used with either a singular or plural verb. Both of these sentences are acceptable, although some language purists may prefer one construction over another: La mitad de habitantes de nuestra ciudad tiene por lo menos un pariente con un problema de beber. La mitad de habitantes de nuestra ciudad tienen por lo menos un pariente con un problema de beber. (Half of residents of our city have at least one relative with a drinking problem.)   Ninguno By itself, ninguno (none) takes a singular verb: Ninguno funciona bien. (None function well.) Ninguno era fumador, pero cinco fueron hipertensos. (None were smokers, but five were hypertensive.) When followed by de and a plural noun, ninguno can take either a singular or a plural verb: Ninguno de nosotros son libres si uno de nosotros es encadenado. Ninguno de nosotros es libre si uno de nosotros es encadenado. (None of us are free if one of us is in chains.) Although some grammarians may prefer the singular form or make a distinction in the meanings of the two sentences, in practice there doesnt appear to be any appreciable difference (just as the translation of none of us is free in the translation might have been used with little if any difference in meaning). Nada and Nadie Nada and nadie, when used as subject pronouns, take singular verbs: Nadie puede alegrarse de la muerte de un ser humano. (Nobody can rejoice in the death of a human being.) Nada es lo que parece. (Nothing is what it seems.) Ni and Ni The correlative conjunctions ni ... ni (neither ... nor) is used with a plural verb even if both of the subjects are singular. This is different from the corresponding English usage. Ni tà º ni yo fuimos el primero. (Neither you nor I was the first.) Ni el oso ni ningà ºn otro animal podà ­an dormir. (Neither the bear nor any other animal could sleep.) Ni à ©l ni ella estaban en casa ayer. (Neither he nor she was at home yesterday.) Singular Nouns Joined by O  (Or) When two singular nouns are joined by O, you usually can use a singular or plural verb. Thus both of these sentences are grammatically acceptable: Si una ciudad tiene un là ­der, à ©l o ella son conocidos como ejecutivo municipal. Si una cidudad tiene un là ­der, à ©l o ella es conocido como alcalde. (If a city has a leader, he or she is known as the mayor.) However, the singular verb is required if by or you mean only one possibility and not both: Pablo o Miguel ser el ganador. (Pablo or Miguel will be the winner.)

The Issues That Postmodern Parents Face

The Issues That Postmodern Parents Face Parents today face significant challenges when it comes to raising children, and many of those issues were totally unheard of 50 years ago. In fact, many of these issues involve technology and gadgets that didnt even exist a few decades ago. Sending your child to the right school might be one solution, as a proper educational environment is more controlled and in line with your core values. Lets look at some of these issues and how they impact your choice of a school. Cell Phones When parents raised their sons and daughters back in the 70s and 80s, we didnt have cell phones. Now, most people would say they dont know how we lived without them. Having the immediacy of contact through voice, text messages, and video chat is reassuring to a parent - not to mention the ability to locate your child at the  touch of a button. Unfortunately, cell phones often raise other issues for parents. Many parents wonder who their children are constantly texting and chatting with. They worry about whether the kids are sexting or sending inappropriate pictures using an app that the parents have never even heard of, and parents especially worry about the potential for cyberbullying.   Sometimes school can help. Many schools limit cell phone use during the school day while others use them as a teaching tool, reducing the chances of them being misused during the school day. Even more important, many schools teach the proper use of mobile technology. Even if a digital citizenship course isnt available, cell phone use is often mitigated simply because of constant supervision and students being too engaged in classes to have time to goof off on their phones.   At private schools, in particular, the small size of classes, low student to teacher ratio, and the school environment itself all lend to the fact that students really cannot hide anything they are doing. Its both a matter of respect and one of privacy and safety. Private schools take your childs safety and security very seriously. Its everybodys responsibility - students,  teachers,  and staff - to be aware of whats going on around them and to take appropriate action. Developing character, respect for others and a sense of community are core values in most private schools. You also cant use your phone to get into trouble if youre using it to study. Many private schools are finding ways to incorporate cell phones and tablets into the learning process. Bullying Bullying is a serious issue of harassment  and can have negative consequences if gone unnoticed. Fortunately, most private schools train teachers to identify and address bullying, and also empower students to take responsibility for living in a welcoming and supportive environment. In fact, many students escape situations of bullying by switching schools and attending private school.  Ã‚   Terrorism   Terrorism used to seem like something that happened in other parts of the world, but in the past few decades, the United States has suffered from some major terrorist attacks and threats. Now, that fear is all too close to home. How can you keep your child safe? Many schools have installed metal detectors and hired more security. Some families have even considered enrolling at private schools as a means of protection. With many private schools offering gated communities, 24/7 security patrols, constant supervision, and considerable funding available to ensure that campuses are protected, the added cost of tuition may feel like a worthy investment.   Shootings Acts of terrorism may seem like an extreme concern for some, but theres another form of school violence that many parents are growing increasingly afraid of: school shootings. Two of the five deadliest shootings in American history took place at educational institutions. But, the silver lining from these tragedies is that they have forced schools to be more proactive in preventing shootings, and schools have become more likely to prepare for what to do should there be an active shooter situation. Active shooter drills are common at schools, where students and faculty are put into mock situations to simulate a shooter on campus. Each school develops its own protocols and safety precautions in order to help keep its community safe and protected.   Smoking, Drugs, and Drinking Teens have always experimented, and for many, smoking, drugs, and drinking seems like no big deal, unfortunately. Todays children arent just using cigarettes and beer. With marijuana becoming legalized in some states, vaping has become trendy, and high-end cocktails of drugs are easier to get than ever. Children today are becoming increasingly savvy about ways in which they can get high. And the media doesnt help, with endless movies and television shows portraying students partying and experimenting on a regular basis. Fortunately, tons of research and education have changed the way we parents view substance abuse. Many schools have taken a proactive approach as well to ensure that their students learn the consequences and dangers of substance abuse. Most private schools, in particular, have zero tolerance policies in place when it comes to substance abuse. Cheating With the increasing competitiveness of college admission, students are starting to look for every opportunity to get ahead. Unfortunately for some students, that means cheating. Private schools tend to emphasize original thinking and writing as part of their requirements. That makes cheating harder to pull off. Besides, if you cheat in private school, you will be disciplined and possibly expelled. Your children quickly learn that cheating is unacceptable behavior. Looking into the future, issues such as sustainability and the environment will probably be very high on most parents list of concerns. How we guide and direct our children is a critical part of parenting. Choosing the right educational environment is a major part of that process.

How valid is this assessment of the july plot of 1944 The plotters Essay

How valid is this assessment of the july plot of 1944 The plotters were not courageous men whose purpose was honourable but reckless men who acted out of their own self interest - Essay Example Gisevius (1998) describes the situation in Germany, under Nazi control in that period, as a nation whose leaders felt â€Å"only in terms of violence.† He further explains: How easily naked violence is spread & practiced! We can observe this even more in the sub-leaders than in Hitler†¦ Party leaders and sub-leaders found themselves in positions of power beyond their wildest dreams†¦ They had no professional training. They knew nothing about the law. They did not trust the professional officialdom who worked under them. They simply dictated, in the firm conviction that their subjects would obey†¦ First, they conquered power. By means of power they achieved totality. Soon they tasted the pleasures of arbitrary rule. And then, swiftly, they plunged into excess†¦ (pp 101 & 102). Thus began the savage rule which was to become a canker sore in the mouth of not only Europe, but the entire world for years. It is also interesting to note that several moves had been made to overthrow Hitler even before the war began. Even though it seems clear, it is important, at this point, to insist that the plot of July 1944 was not just an attempt by a bunch of renegade army officers to kill Adolf Hitler and take over his government, but a truly patriotic and humanitarian move to liberate and distance the German nation from the vices of greed, hate, genocide and absolutism, all of which the Nazi government embodied. Germany was in the heart of the Second World War, and there was a wanton killing of Jews in German concentration camps all over Europe. â€Å"If the plot had succeeded, the war could have been shortened, the slaughter ended and the lives of millions of Jews saved† (Holocaust Educational Trust of Ireland). At the immediate conception of the plot, however, opposition to Hitler’s government was not military, but simply political. But by the mid 1930’s, several trade and political opposition groups, which existed or voiced their discontent with his

Construction assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Construction - Assignment Example In order to implement a given responsibility, relationships need to be established in partnering. Type of relationship depend on the type of partnering, for example in the joint venture contract between a contractor, and a design firm is a one-off type of relationship since it does not last. A single firm with both the design and construction capability is a long-time relationship type since the parties involve are employed full time and permanent. When the agreement is successful, then the flow of work is always continuous, for example, a contractor will undertake all the work awarded to him. The contractor will then get a written approval from the Engineer-in-charge or the supervisor. The contractor will then plan its operation. If the supervisor realize that there is a risk factor involve, the supervisor has the right to stop the work. An inspector always ensures that the construction meet the quality level required, but they do not have the authority to get a contractor to give the owner of the highest quality material. If the engineer or the owner dispute the work being performed by a subcontractor, then the owner should attempt to resolve the issue with the main contractor first before embarking on the administration. CQC is the contractor Quality control. The purpose and function of the CQC are to assure that the completed project meets the quality requirement. The representative also has the duty of guiding the contrac tor by preparing a plan. However, the Corps ad engineer provides guidance to Corps in performing effective CQM. In order to manage construction firm but fair policy need to be implemented. Firm but fair policy is a type of policy where both or all parties involve are considered to stick to the laid down policy. An inspector always ensures that the construction work is done according to the laid down codes. They are responsible for; pointing

Readers Interest in The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Readers Interest in The Crucible Essay The Crucible takes place in Salem, a small town in seventeenth century Massachusetts, where religion, fear and hysteria ultimately lead to the famous witchcraft trials in 1692. At the time The Crucible was produced, Senator Joseph McCarthy was in power as the chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Due to relative events and the paranoid hunting of pro-communists, The Crucible is seen to be a metaphor for the McCarthy era. Throughout The Crucible, Miller employs several techniques and writing styles to create tension and suspense and to stimulate the audiences interest. The most important reason why The Crucible retains the interest of the audience is because the plot maintains a slow burning, yet consistent pace. Act one is a prime example of how information is released gradually and atmospherically. The very start of the play leaves us oblivious to what has happened, with Parris praying over his inert daughter. This is a great method to grab the audiences attention immediately as we are in the dark right from the start, and naturally are curious about what has happened. As the act progresses, patches of information are revealed, but the uncertainty and contradiction present engages the audience as they are forced to decipher for themselves the truth; at one point Abigail is denying all charges profusely: We did dance, uncle, and when you leaped out of the bush so suddenly, Betty was frightened and then she fainted. And theres the whole of it. However, later, as other charges are brought about, she concedes to them. This way the story keeps momentum as well as suspense. Act 2 employs the same technique to maintain tension when Mary Warren comes home and the information in reference to the court is informed to us. Acts 3 and 4 stay true to this structure and a good example is in act 4 when John Proctor is undecided over his confession, whether or not to sign it- No, it is not the same! What others say and what I sign to is not the same! The audience is on tenterhooks, hoping he will sign (or perhaps not, in some cases). Another main element to The Crucible, which engrosses the audience, is the technique of dramatic irony. In The Crucibles case, dramatic irony is where the audience is aware of something in the play that not all of the characters are. In The Crucible the dramatic irony is that we know that there is no witchcraft, and that Abigail and her friends are pretending, but most of the other characters believe it, or at least take advantage of it. Some of the characters must be left ignorant in order to form a basis to the theme of hysteria and madness, but the idea of dramatic irony is so that it creates the ironic and incredulous situations, and involves the audience more proactively as they know what is going on. In act 1 we think that the girls lies will be dismissed as they seem to us so ridiculous, but in Act 2 the true impact of the situation starts to take shape as information of arrests and trials is revealed. By Act 3 the original accusations have manifested into sheer madness which we, as the audience, can see, but the characters cannot. Act 4 does not utilize the tool quite as much as by then Abigail and her peers have unofficially been exposed. The dramatic irony concerning the presence of witchcraft helps to emphasise the theme of hysterical behaviour which, in that respect, has a larger impact on the audience and produces more interesting scenarios from the audiences 0point of view. Another example of dramatic irony is during Act 3 when Elizabeth Proctor is asked to explain to the court her reasons for dismissing Abigail as her servant, unaware that John had just admitted his affair with her. This scene is perhaps the tensest in the entire play as the fate of Salem rested on Elizabeth confirming that Proctor was an adulterer. However, she lies and tells the court Proctor was not a lecher, not wanting to get him into trouble. Excellency, it is a natural lie to tell This is said by Reverend Hale as he too is trying to stop this insanity, and the audience is also frustrated with the situation. Which is one of the key emotions that dramatic irony provokes to sustain the audiences attention- frustration. Our hopes that the situation will be resolved and our almost angry views to some of the characters ignorance involves us in the plot and helps to share what John Proctor and some of the other characters must be feeling. In order to maintain the suspense and atmosphere in-between acts, Miller makes sure to end the first 3 acts with suspense and cliff-hangers and Act 4 with a big finale. In the ultimate scenes of Act 1, the tension created throughout the start of the play reaches its climax with Abigail and the other Girls accusing various Salem citizens of witchcraft to relieve themselves of attention. Miller has chosen a fantastic way to draw the Act to an unmistakeable close but still retaining the interest of the reader; it draws the events of the night together, satisfying the reader in one element, but has at the same time unleashed a larger and more complex crisis upon Salem, rousing the inquisitive eagerness experienced right from the very start of the play. Act 2 also ends dramatically with Elizabeths arrest after Abigail utilizes Marys poppet to frame Elizabeth. As in Act 1, it draws the nights events to a satisfying climax with Elizabeths arrest, but also leaves the reader expectant of Act 3s events with Proctor and Mary planning to expose Abigail. My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! This powerful sentence from Proctor gives the audience hope for Elizabeth and, at the same time, makes sure the audience knows that dramatic events are yet to come. Additional to suspense-filled endings, Miller employs the use of time lapses in-between acts in order to maintain the pace. Between both Acts 1 and 2, and Acts 3 and 4, there is a significant time jump. This way it stops the plot from appearing too dragged out and makes sure that the suspense doesnt die down so the audiences interest is still at its peak.

The Electoral College Essay -- Electoral Vote vs Popular Vote

This paper will take an in depth look at how the voting process works in the United States, but mainly focus on the Electoral College and its wrongs and rights in the American voting system. It’s difficult to understand or appreciate the Electoral College unless one completely understands its past circumstances and the problems it was attempting to solve. The Electoral College was established to elect a president in a country that was split up into thirteen states that lacked communication and transportation and was made up of 4 million people scattered through out thousands and thousands of miles (Middleton, 2012). After many attempts to set up a voting system that was accepted by the Constitutional Convention, the idea of letting the people elect the president indirectly was brought up. Which lead to the idea of the Electoral College, which was a system that was made up to let the people indirectly elect the president through a college of electors. The Electoral College is made up of electors in each state, who represent the states popular vote. Each presidential party or candidate designates a group of electors in each state, equal to the States electoral votes, who are considered to be loyal to that candidate, to each State’s chief election official. The number of electors a state receives is equal to its number of U.S. Senators plus its number of U.S. Representatives which is determined by its population (Rae, 23). Meaning that bigger states would have more Electoral votes than little states since their population is bigger. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in years divisible by four, the people of each state submit their votes for the slate of electors representing their Presidential candidate which is inevitably the election of the States electors and not the election of the President (www.fec.gov/pages, 1). This â€Å"winner takes all† system is what decides which presidential candidat e wins the states electoral votes. The Presidential candidate who wins the popular vote in the state has its designated electors given the electoral votes for that state which means that candidate wins all of the electoral votes for that state. You need 1 more than the majority of the electoral votes to win the presidency (Rae, 34). The only problem with this is that a presidential candidate can win the Presidency with out winning the popular vot... ...tp://www.blackpast.org/primary/voting-irregularities-florida-during-2000-presidential-election Internet Sources Consulted "Frequently Asked Questions." U. S. Electoral College: Frequently Asked Questions. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . "Popular Vote." Dictionary of Politics and Government. London: A&C Black, 2004. Credo Reference. Web. 26 November 2012. "U. S. Electoral College: How Are the Electoral College Votes Allocated." U. S. Electoral College: How Are the Electoral College Votes Allocated. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . "U. S. Electoral College, Official - What Is the Electoral College?" U. S. Electoral College, Official - What Is the Electoral College? N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . Winston, Grant. "Poll Finds Majority Think Electoral College is a School". Web. 4 November 2012. wyfftv. "Electoral Vote vs Popular Vote." Online Video Clip. YouTube. YouTube, 5 November 2012. Web. 4. December. 2012.

Ebay Case Study Essay

1. Describe EBay’s culture using the six characteristics describes in the prescribed text book according to the Corporate culture Index. Organisation Culture can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and behaviours such as; the language they use in the organisation, values systems, feelings and attitudes among each other and the interaction and norms of the members in the organisation. This determines how the company, employees and management interact and proceed with business transactions. An organisation’s culture develops mostly over time (Luthans, 2005). This set of beliefs is build within an organisation to create a sense of relation to employees and sometimes also consumers, it can be said that corporate culture is symbolic and identifies the organization as self. Corporate/organisational culture helps the organisation to achieve goals in their own way. A set of 20 cultural factors was developed by Henry Miglione, termed â€Å"Corporate culture index† (Brown and Harvey, 2006) The corporate culture index was developed to measure an organisations culture. These cultural factors include the following characteristics: Member Identity: Can be defined as the extent to which an employee indentifies with of within the organisation, taking into consideration their job and field of profession. Team Emphasis: The degree to with employees is able to work together as a team rather than  focusing on individual responsibilities, tasks and activities. People Focus: This involves the extend to which employees are empowered within the organisation. Autonomy: This involves the degree of independent and coordinated operation of the different departments within an organisation. Control: How rules, regulations and direct supervision is used to control employee behaviour that leads to better performance, and to what extent. Risk Tolerance: The motivation and encouragement employees receive from the organisation to be more aggressive, innovative, challenging and risk seeking to improve performance and development within the organisation. Describing EBay’s corporate culture trough using the 6 characteristics mentioned above. Member Identity: The working environment is casual and informal. Employees know what is expected from them and what they need to do. They stay focused on their goals. With the casual and informal atmosphere employees are able to identify with the organisation easier as they feel at home. In the case study the organisational vision and mission is outlined ant this would make it easier for the employees to identify with the organisation if they know what their working towards or standing for. They feel comfortable in their working environment and this leads to a better sense of identifying with their working environment/organisation. Team Emphasis: Employees work every day, they understand that a daily contribution is necessary to reach the organisations goals, they even ‘shop talk’ in the tearoom. People Focus: EBay empower staff by making them brand executives that makes them brand orientated. Employees have freedom within the office to do their work in a casual and comfortable environment to enhance performance. Autonomy: The department or brand executive is responsible for the specific happenings in the department. Every department operates in a coordinated manner to assure threat every purchase is handled with the upmost importance. Whitman  is all about bottom line approach and performance. Control: Employees know what’s expected from them, the informal culture gives the employees a sense of comfort that can lead to better performance, although the approach is still corporate it stays comfortable. There is no stick control. Employees are left to do their jobs without direct supervision. Employees have a drive to do their jobs as expected from them. The departments do not depend on one another so they know they are responsible for the completion of their responsibilities or tasks. Risk Tolerance: No risks were mentioned but referring to the case study and the departments employees will have a sense of competitiveness within the organisation against the different departments. EBay developed a target of internet users that they wanted to reach by the end of 2005. Their goals are innovative and reachable. 2. Briefly explain the socialisation process. Socialisation is the process where a new employee within the organisation learns and develops the skills, social knowledge, behaviour, norms and values that’s acceptable in the organisation. This usually follows after the introduction or training phase after an employee has been appointed, it can also be called learning the ropes. During socialisation an employee becomes aware of what is important in the organisation, what the organisation stands for and how things are being done. (Luthans, 2005) The socialisation process explained: New employee expectations New employees that join the organisation need to become aware of all the organisational norms, values and procedures of operation within the organisation. During this phase they need to be able to recognise it. This phase is easier handled when the new employee receives a mentor to help him/her through this process. (Brown and Harvey, 2006) The more the new employee adapts and learns the new culture the more comfortable they feel. Encounter organisational culture A new employee needs to learn their work group, and establish a relationship between the different members of group or team they work in. The new employee should understand and identify the way of functioning among the team members this includes the norms and values that’s used in the group. During this phase the new employee will develop positive relationships among colleges as well as support networks within the team or group. (Luthans, 2005) Adjustment to cultural norms The employee needs to accept the organisations culture and adapt to it. Responses to socialism can be identified into three different groups; they can reject the values and norms of the organisation and become rebellious, the new employee can accept only a few of the values and norms and make peace with the rest in time or the new employee can accept all the values and norms of the organisation and fully adapt and adjust to the organisational culture, that will lead to a comfortable employment and working atmosphere for the new employee. Result When an organisations culture is developed in such a positive way the employees will improve production and performance. The organisations climate and culture are set in place to develop a mission and vision in the organisation. Employees should be allowed to adapt to the norms of adapt it as a whole for the advantage of the organisation. (Brown and Harvey, 2006) 3. Bibliography Brown, D.R. and Harvey, D. (2006) An Experiential Approach to Organisational Development. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Luthans, F. (2005) Organisational Culture, Socialisation and mentoring. In: Luthans, F. Organisational behaviour. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Irwin, pp. 30-55.

John Downe

John Downe In John Downe’s letter to his wife, he strategically establishes and develops ethos as well as pathos to convince her to join him in the United States with their children. Throughout the letter, Downe develops his credibility through his use of ethos which includes the repetition of â€Å"I. † â€Å"I have got a situation,† â€Å"I dined with him,† â€Å"I went into the market yesterday,† all progress towards the establishment of his plausibility in his wife’s eyes. He provides his wife with examples of the many positive situations he, himself has endured while being in the country of America.Downe hopes that his persuading words will convince her to emigrate with their children to America. â€Å"I know you will like America† is Downe’s primary hope and purpose for writing this persuasive letter. By describing all the things that he has been able to do in this country, â€Å"I can go into a store, and have as much br andy as I like to drink for three half-pence and all other spirits are in proportion,† Downe hopes that these credential words will be approved by his wife.His elaborations on the things he has managed to do in America are essentially used to provoke his wife’s interest in this country. These descriptions are used as reassurance for his wife to know of the great opportunities he has found in America but not back home in England. Downe believes this will strike his wife as another reason why she will enjoy her new life in America and compares their troublesome life in England to the great possibilities that can be accomplished in this new country.He explains, â€Å"this is a country where a man can stand as a man, and where he can enjoy the fruits of his own exertions, with rational liberty to its fullest extent†, hoping that his comparisons to the life in England and the life in America will evoke in his wife a sense of longing for this kind of living. Downe†™s convincing words showing all of the achievements he has experienced in America lead his wife to want this same kind of exposure.Downe continues to expand on the things he has accomplished in America with his development of pathos through long, periodic sentences. He mentions that on the table there was â€Å"pudding, pyes, and fruit of all kind that was in season†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"they do not think of locking the doors in this country† to assure his wife of the safety and prosperity of this country. He then goes on to acknowledge, with emotional appeal, that all he â€Å"wants now is to see you, and the dear children here, and then I shall be happy, and not before†.This is Downe’s development of pathos for the purpose of persuading and influencing his wife to make her decision much easier about emigrating to America with the children. He hopes to influence her decision by explaining how much better off they would be as a family, together in one count ry. Although he announces that he will only be happy if his family comes to America to live with him, Downe concludes that he does not â€Å"repent of coming† and he â€Å"would rather cross the Atlantic ten times than hear my children cry†.By his mentioning that he does not regret one bit coming to America, Downe hopes to display for his wife how great of a country America is. The pathos are purposefully placed there by Downe to show to his wife that although he has left his family, he would do it all over again just to live in the convenient country of America- hoping this will stir some kind of desire in his wife’s mind.Through his emotional words, Downe demonstrates that the travel to America is nothing compared to what this country holds in store for their family. Although he explains to his wife there will be â€Å"a few inconveniences in crossing the Atlantic†, in the end she will enjoy the United States of America. In the midst of his pathos, it i s possible to conclude that Downe’s reason for leaving his family behind is to find opportunity for a new life, which America provides.Through his use of repetition and periodic sentences, John Downe develops credibility and emotional appeal. Through his repetition of â€Å"I†, he is able to bestow upon his wife a feeling of longing for the same freedom and prosperity he has gained when coming to America by showing her all of the things he has accomplished while living in this country. With Downe’s strategic pathos, he manages to convince his wife that all he wants for their family is wealth, health, and land- all of which can be found in America.

10 Critical Essay Topics on Police Brutality

10 Critical Essay Topics on Police Brutality If you are tasked with writing a critical essay on police brutality, you may be unsure of what facts would best substantiate your case. For this reason, and many more, you will find a list of helpful facts below which can be used to help you write your next piece: The vast majority of American police officers feel strongly that the use of force beyond that which is legal is not acceptable. Nonetheless cases of extreme abuse of authority do take place infrequently. Many departments will take tough stands against police abuse and at times, many fellow officers disregard this and use more force than is necessary when they make an arrest. On that note, the officers who witness this unnecessary use of force ignore the conduct. In order to mitigate the high rates of police brutality training and education must be integrated into the modern police force. First line supervisors in tandem with department chiefs play a critical role in the prevention of abuse among police officers. Policies which are community oriented have very little impact in reducing the abuse of authority among police officers. More importantly, black and non-black police officers hold very different views about the impact that race and socio-economic background has on the likelihood that police officers will abuse someone. The code of silence is among one of the worst culprits of continued police brutality. Officers face serious struggles reporting other officers. There is a big gap found between the attitudes that officers hold about reporting other unit members and the actions that they take. Even if officers do not believe that they should protect those who conduct themselves illegally, they will not often turn in officers whom they know have broken the law. Over 80% of police officers surveyed reported that they do not accept the idea of the â€Å"Code of Silence†, which refers to remaining quiet in the face of other officers engaging in misconduct, is necessary in order for police officers to maintain mutual levels of trust among one another. However, nearly one quarter of the same surveyed group agreed that whistle blowing on others is not worth the hassle that accompanies it and two thirds of that group reported that the officers who do report other officers for misconduct are given the c old shoulder. That same group reported that as a result, almost all officers will simply turn a blind eye. There is a significant gap between the thoughts held about reporting other officers and the actions taken by other officers such that 61% of officers surveyed stated that police officers rarely report serious criminal violations which involve another officer abusing their authority. There is a significant role played by the race, class, and demeanor of those involved. Citizens who are disrespectful or show hostility toward the officer increase their chances of being arrested. What’s more, research from the Police Foundation indicates that American police officers are evenly divided as to whether officers are more likely to arrest someone who shows what the officer in question believes to be a â€Å"bad attitude†. Half strongly disagree that showing a bad attitude increases the chances of being arrested while the other half feel that it strongly does. Some studies indicate that 17% of officers treat whites better than other minorities. An addition 11.1% of officers indicated that they believed more violence was shown toward blacks compared to whites. Another 14% stated that officers should use increased physical force against those who are poor compared to those who are middle class and in the exact same criminal situation. The responses indicate that white police officers believe that class and race are not important with regard to abuse of authority, but police officers who are black or another minority view the opposite. One study reviewed 1,565 cases and the results from that review indicates that reasonable force was used in 3.3% of cases with excessive force used in 1.8% of cases. This indicates that the use of excessive force constituted 35% of the daily encounters. This information was collected and reviewed in 1980 and since then the ability to garner the same level of insight into the frequency of excessive force has been significantly more challenges because of difficulties collecting such data and a lack of reports by other officers. Police forces have comparatively low psychological requirements to other federal or government branches where weapons are used. The lower psychological requirements and lower education levels results in increasing numbers of officers who regularly use excessive power. This, in tandem with the code of silence which often is enforced, results in the abusers being allowed to do as they please and not being stopped. In American the majority of officers do not approve of the use of excessive force. But a substantial minority do believe that using more than is necessary in a given situation is sometimes permissible. 30% of officers surveyed believed that police officers are not allowed to use the maximum amount of allowed force when they make arrests. Yet another 25% agreed that controlling someone who is assaulting an officer requires the use of more than what is the legal and allowable amount of force. In addition to this, 40% believe that using more force than necessary does not allow them to get their jobs done properly. The vast majority of surveyed police officers do not think that other officers use excessive force but 4.1% of officers regularly use more physical force than is necessary in a given situation. The issue here lies in the fact that the few who do are not reported by their fellow officers even if they witness it and this gives them a clean report. Having a clean report allows said officers to continue in their abuse of power and authority without the need to worry about being reported. Without the reports being filed, the individuals who oversee the fight against police brutality are unable to see a problem and therefore unable to fix it. Police brutality doesn’t stop to bother people because the stats of abusing the authoritative power are only growing. That’s why it’s necessary to write about this. As a result we also gathered sample topics on police brutality with a sample essay that will show you the idea of a proper paper. Moreover, you may use our tutorial on writing a critical essay. With all of this you’ll certainly know how to write a superb text. References: Bandes, Susan. Patterns Of Injustice: Police Brutality In The Courts.  SSRN Electronic Journal  n. pag. Web. Bartollas, Clemens, and Larry D Hahn.  Policing In America. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999. Print. Bayley, David H., and Sailendra Misra. Police Brutality: An Analysis Of Police Behaviour..  The Journal of Asian Studies  47.1 (1988): 184. Web. Brandl, Steven G, and David E Barlow.  The Police In America. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2004. Print. Champion, Dean J.  Police Misconduct In America. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print. Cothran, Helen.  Police Brutality. San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Print. Dudley, William.  Police Brutality. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1991. Print.

Find out What Mysticetes Are

Find out What Mysticetes Are The term  mysticete  refers to large whales that feed using a filtering mechanism made up of baleen plates. These whales are called mysticetes or baleen whales, and they are in the taxonomic group Mysticeti. This is one out of two major groups of whales, the other of which are the odontocetes or toothed whales. Introduction to Mysticetes Mysticetes are carnivores, but rather than feeding with teeth, they use a straining system to eat great quantities of small fish, crustaceans or plankton in one gulp. This is made possible by their baleen plates - fringed plates made of keratin that hang down from the whales palate in the upper jaw and are supported by its gums.    About Baleen Baleen plates resemble vertical blinds on the outside, but on the inside, they have a fringed edge, which is made up of thin, hair-like tubules. The hair-like tubules extend down on the inside of the whales mouth and are supported on their outside by a smooth, fingernail-like cortex. What is the purpose of this baleen? There are hundreds of baleen plates, and the fringe inside each overlaps to create a strainer that allows the whale to filter its food from the ocean water. To gather its food, the whale will gulp or skim the water, and pass the water in between the baleen plates, trapping the prey inside. By feeding this way, a mysticete can gather large quantities of prey but avoid swallowing much salt water.   Characteristics of Mysticetes The baleen is the characteristic that most defines this group of whales. But there are other things that set them apart from other whales. Mysticetes are generally large animals, and this group contains the largest species in the world - the blue whale. All mysticetes have: Baleen plates, which they use for feedingTwo blowholesSymmetrical skullLower jawbones that are solid and do not join in the middle In addition, female mysticetes are larger than males. Mysticetes vs. Odontocetes Mysticetes can be distinguished in the whale world from odontocetes. These whales have teeth, one blowhole, a skull that is asymmetrical and a melon, which is used in echolocation.   Odontocetes also have more variability in size. Rather than all being large or small, they range in size from under three feet to over 50 feet.   Mysticete Species There are 14 currently recognized species of mysticetes, according to the Society for Marine Mammalogy. Blue WhaleFin WhaleSei WhaleBrydes WhaleHumpback WhaleOmuras WhaleCommon  Minke WhaleAntarctic Minke WhaleBowhead WhaleNorth Atlantic Right WhaleSouthern Right WhaleNorth Pacific Right WhalePygmy Right WhaleGray Whale Pronunciation: miss-tuh-seat References and Further Information Bannister, J.L. Baleen Whales.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p. 62-73.Rice, D.W. 2002. Baleen.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p.61-62.

Chinese Popular Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese Popular Culture - Term Paper Example Included in pop culture are comic books, cheap newspapers such as tabloids, radio soap operas, crass television game shows, paperback novels, and shallow reality shows. The Chinese have a distinct pop culture characterized by the mix of ideas, social practices, lifestyle trends, and other mass-appeal attractions. Pop culture can sometimes gain legitimacy in normal society to become acceptable. Chinese pop culture is a thread that binds the masses of Chinese society to give them a unified sense of identity. Discussion The Chinese civilization is the world's oldest continuously existing civilization dating back five thousand years ago. As such, it has undergone several changes over this long period; popular tastes varied tremendously as years went by. However, there are a few things which make the Chinese civilization unique, among which are its cultural practices rooted in Confucian ethics, a deep respect for elders and filial obedience, and a single language based on a writing system that made it possible to have a unified Chinese identity. The one person who made all this possible was Emperor Shihuangdi (259-210 BCE) who built the now world-famous Great Wall of China, created the world's first civil service bureaucracy, the first centralized government administration, introduced coinage, unified all of China, mandated the use of only one language based on a uniform set of characters in the Chinese writing system, and still fascinates the world today with his vast terra-cotta army in his giant burial compound with some 8,000+ life-sized warriors, 400 horses, and 100 chariots to serve as â€Å"spirit army† in the afterlife, truly an enduring legacy of his dynastic rule to last â€Å"10,000 generations,† but sadly, this empire collapsed within four years after his death. Despite his short-lived empire, the various reforms he introduced survived until this day. Even in modern times, his achievements still define the Chinese cultural heritage in terms of what it means to be Chinese, an identity that endures because of universal standards in Chinese laws, written language, weights, measures, and protocols adopted by all succeeding dynasties (Muller 2) and which the present Communist rulers of China are using to help restore the Chinese pride in themselves, after two centuries being under foreign colonial powers. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi set the tone of what was pop culture with the adoption of a comprehensive set of laws, known in Chinese history as legalism, which mandated all things that can be done and cannot be done (Guo 23); although its implementation period was brief, from 221-206 BCE only, it played a key role in shaping traditional pop culture. It was a basis for government control of the whole of China in subsequent years, and continues even today. Legalism has a lingering influence because it determined the laws of the land; people of the lower classes knew what was allowed and not allowed. It was supplanted by other ide ologies and religions such as Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Legalism was the main popular cultural ideology in ancient China, designed to exert control over the peasants; China was once primarily an agricultural economy and legalism governed all aspects of social life. Emperor Qin Shih

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Essay

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Practices as in the Case of Microsoft Company - Essay Example they are connected in a virtual network. Examples of compatible products are computer hardware and software, phonographs and records, and television sets and programing. In extreme cases, network externalities may cause markets to fail as when an inferior product ‘tips’ the network towards adopting it over a superior product because it arrived first (Page & Lopatka, 1999, p.955). A market is said to have ‘tipped’ when it settles on a single standard for a product, such as software platforms (p.960). Proposition: ‘Microsoft acted illegally to extend its monopoly power.’ Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. An example is when a sufficiently large number of distributors agree to exclusivity over a sufficiently lengthy period, because this tends to drive rival firms out of the market. Distributors who have not by then signed up with the dominant firm will then have to pay a monopoly price (Rasmusen, Ramseyer & Wiley, 1991). Microsoft, as dominant firm intending to defend its market position, undertook four actions with regard to Internet Explorer (IE) vis-a-vis original dominant browser, Netscape Navigator: (1) Microsoft invested massively in browser technology; (2) IE was zero-priced; (3) Microsoft signed exclusive distribution contract with Internet access providers; and (4) Microsoft bundled IE with Windows. The court found that investment in browser technology and zero pricing were not uncompetitive, but declared exclusive distribution contracts and tying or bundling arrangements as uncompetitive (Klein, 2001, pp.46-47). Arguments in favor of illegality Microsoft engaged in actively ‘tipping’ the market, thus preventing the adoption of what could...This paper offers a comprehensive review of the concept of network externalities and its practical applications in helping to detect the uncompetitive actions f rom companies. Using the example of the Microsoft company, the essay exhibits its possible excessive use of dominant market position, through the help of provisions of network externalities theory In separate cases, governments (the US and EU) and attorneys in class action suits claimed that Microsoft’s contracts with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were exclusionary and anticompetitive, thereby maintaining its operating system (OS) and later its internet browser. These allegedly caused consumers to pay higher prices, discouraged innovation, and restricted trade in violation of the Sherman Act. Microsoft countered that it was not a monopoly because it still faced strong competition in a dynamic industry; its success was procompetitive because consumers benefited from its software distribution; and imposition of antitrust remedies would reduce innovation instead of encouraging it. Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. Microsoft’s OS provided a platform with network and family effects, and its contracts, while exhibiting some arguably anticompetitive characteristics such as imposing penalties, also includes terms that provide exceptional value to its customers that, as in the case of AOL, tangibly improve their businesses.

Pop Art and Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Pop Art and Fashion - Essay Example Art has been very influential in the past years. Art is wide and does not only involve paintings, sculptures, photography and film-making. It can also be defined as skill and imagination overuse in order to create different aesthetic objects, surroundings and experiences that are shared to different individuals in the society. And from the ancient days art has continued to develop in a gradual manner. Among the development in art is the introduction of what is known as pop art. It is known to be popular culture’s art and its characteristic is that it has optimism sense. Most artists have been greatly influenced by this and majority of them have interpreted pop art in their own way. Among those influenced by Pop art is lady Gaga who is perceived to be one of the famous pop singer and song writer. She is known to have unique fashion taste. As a result, her fashion designer created several designs that mainly have the artist’s style association. Through this, today’ s generation has been influenced greatly into appreciating art as a significant element of human life. In today’s society pop art has made tremendous influence on different kinds of fashions. In order to be able to fully understand the contemporary art it is important to look back and appreciate all the individuals of the past generation who remained focused and persistent in making this kind of art possible. It is amazing how most artists were able to customize different things that they came across in life. They were able to apply art in everything.

Communicative Competence In Language Teaching

Communicative Competence In Language Teaching In this essay, I will first define what Communicative Competence is and what it includes. Secondly, making reference to the European Common Framework of Reference for Languages, I will synthesize why gaining Communicative Competence in a foreign language is so important and why it should be the main goal in an English Classroom. To finish with, I will summarize the best ways of teaching Communicative Competence. Task-based language teaching will be the model I will use as an example of how Communicative competence should be taught and the role instruction should pay in the Classroom. Communicative Competence refers to the ability of understanding, producing, and interpreting the different Communicative events taking into account not only their explicit sense (what it seems to be more immediate for us), but also its implications; that is to say, what the speaker wants to say, what the listener wants to understand, their relationship, the social context, etc. Therefore, Communicative Competence has to do with the social, cultural, and psychological rules that determine the use of a particular language in a particular situation. This term was introduced by Hymes in language teaching in 1972, to complete Chomskys Linguistic Competence term which couldnt explain all the factors which are important for a communicative purpose or in a communicative situation. According to him, Linguistic Competence only deals with the knowledge of language rules and forms, and Communicative Competence includes as well the knowledge that allows someone to communicate correctly and appropriately. Therefore, Communicative Competence is the only means we use to transform language into Communication instead of Linguistic Competence. According to the European Common Framework of Reference for Languages Communicative Competence is divided in: Linguistic Competence: it refers to the ability of producing utterances in an efficient way in all its grammatical levels. It is formed by these competences: lexical, grammatical, semantic, phonologic and orthographic competence. Sociolinguistic Competence: it is the ability of understanding and producing different utterances in different contexts of use where different factors play an important role, such as the relationship between participants, their situation, etc. Aspects to take into account here are social relationships markers, politeness norms, popular wisdom expressions, register differences, dialect and accent differences, etc. Pragmatic Competence: It makes reference to the ability of acting efficiently in a language taking into account grammatical forms and meaning to complete a text (spoken or written) in different communicative events. It includes students mastery of texts, discursive genres, and community speech interpretation. To master this, there are needed rhetorical, cohesive or cohesion devices for conversational organization. Strategic Competence: it has to do with the individuals effective use of language by means of his capacity for using verbal and non-verbal resources to fix errors that can be produced when communicating due to different events that may limit the communicative process. Communicative competence is the first of the eight basic competences that a learner has to have acquired by the end of ESO, but not only this, it is in the same way important to have acquired as well a B1 level of Communicative Competence in a Foreign Language to be admitted in University as the European Common Framework of Reference for Languages dictates. COMMUNICATIVE COMPTENCE IN TEACHING Teachers in ESO should develop in students communicative abilities and strategies in order to reach a B1 level in Communicative Competence by the end of this period, this competence should be acquired in all areas: speaking, reading, listening, and writing. Therefore, this has to be the main goal in the English Classroom. In order to analyze how Communicative Competence is implemented in school, Ive chosen the task-based method, which is a continuation of Communicative Language Teaching according to Rod Ellis. Task-based language teaching is a teaching method based on tasks whose main purpose is to make learners use the foreign language. Tasks are based on authentic events where authentic language is used: visiting a doctor, shopping, calling room service for food, etc. Assessment of errors is not considered as important as in other approaches because accuracy will be gained while practicing the L2 in an incidental way. Besides, Rod Ellis defends that what students really acquire is the implicit knowledge, and this is best facilitated looking at the language as a whole rather than breaking it into pieces in an attempt to teach item by item. Tasks differ from activities in that they focus on meaning rather than on form, in this sense, learners will be creating their own language instead of reproducing the language given to them. They also have an informational or reasoning gap which will make the conversation interesting and therefore it will make them eager to continue it even outside class. Learners also use their resources instead of reproducing the language given to them. The goal of tasks is not to make learners use a correct language, but to engage them in communication. WHAT ROLE PLAYS INSTRUCTION IN A TASK-BASED LEARNING CONTEXT? Instruction plays a different role in Task-Based Teaching: Instruction is seen in an interpretative rather than in a transmission perspective, so its main goal must be to facilitate students processes of learning, which in this case is the acquisition of implicit knowledge. The goal of language instruction is the development of implicit knowledge. If teachers make their students to focus mainly on language form they wont never be able to communicate effectively. The only place where learning occurs is inside learners minds, so teachers cannot just direct that learning. Therefore attention to form will be paid only when communicating, and not all the time, because excessive corrections may stop the conversations rhythm. That doesnt mean that Task-Based theorists dont care about grammar, they defend explicit teaching of rules as well, but only when necessary because the main goal is communication. Instruction has to focus on meaning rather than on form. Rod Ellis thinks that grammar is not needed for basic communication. Basic survival in language relies on vocabulary and formulaic sequences, not on grammar. Students will need grammar as they get involved in increasingly complex tasks, that is to say, the need to use a determinate grammatical form will be created in their minds as complexity increases in tasks. Instruction needs to be motivating, i.e. based on things that learners may find interesting, because its very important to call their attention in order to get them involved in the task. To conclude, I will sum up some characteristics a classroom should have to teach Communicative Competence: Inductive method. Preventing method rather than corrective. Teach sequences of language, not language in isolation. Teach through senses. Promote autonomy. Give your lesson an authentic and ludic character to make it interesting. Set learning goals taking into account the developmental cognitive level of the learner.

Business Essay -- Sociology, Culture, Melting Pot

In the past, the world was parts of continents and continents parts of countries which represent their culture separately. In addition, the communication between different cultures and communities slightly difficult or need so much time. Nowadays, we could imagine something different from the past which we hear terms of new world features like melting pot, globalization, culture, and global perspective. Al-Balabki (1995:570) concludes that, melting pot is a place where immigrants of different ethnicities, cultures or countries come to live together with variety of ideas and races. According to J. Jary (1991) that,†culture is defined as the unique ideas, customs, skills, arts, behavior, appearances and communication of a group of people†. To quote Wikipedia (n.d), â€Å"globalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres†. Moreover, there are many examples for global culture which make all cultures around the world effective. However, I am going to write about internet, English as a global language and business in this essay. Internet is the largest sources of information in these days. It can provide a wide variety of information which anyone needs it. Internet revolution has made a huge change in many aspects in our lives. It becomes a method to know more and more about many different things. It helps the whole world to be small village. Now anyone could speak with another person in minutes or less than that. Moreover, you can communicate with people from different country, culture, lifestyle and geography. It is really amazing system which enriches the global development in most fields. Co... ...Birkat Almouz store. However, business ethics and management structure dive me real experience to deal with managers or customers to reach work performance and customer satisfaction in any work place around the world. In conclusion, globalization has its effects in different fields business, internet, and English language in the whole world. They are important examples which have influential causes and reasons. In my opinion, sometimes they are being positive and sometime being negative. For instance, some examples of global culture being useful just for the first world countries and in the same case being harmful for third world countries. However, globalization solve so much points like wasting time, make the distances between different counties are too small and easier. As a result, every country should modify each globalization example to be fitness.

Edward Reighn 1042-1053 Essay

How effectively did Edward deal with the problems he faced during the first part of his reign, 1042-1053? When Edward came into power in 1042, England was in a poor state financially and also because of threats of an invasion and this made the first few years of his rule difficult. Edward was faced with many problems which he had to overcome. These problems involved; powerful Earls, (especially the Godwine’s), the foreign policy and the domestic policy. Edward both failed and succeeded in these problems due to a number of factors. These include a lack of knowledge about his kingdom and some may argue that he was naà ¯ve in his decisions. With some evaluation, we will be able to judge if Edward was a successful King or not. One of the problems Edward faced was because of the weak position he was in: He had been in exile for 25 years in Normandy; therefore he had no knowledge of the English politics and structure of the country. He also had no strong political allies such as Earls and Thegns to aid him with ruling the country effectively and to everyone’s best interests. One of his biggest rivals was Earl Godwine; Godwine was a politically powerful character at this time. Before Edward became King, he had allied himself to King Cnut and married Gytha who was a relative of Cnut. From 1040 onwards, he was the second richest man in the country after the king so therefore, he was in a very powerful position compared to King Edward as he had strong political allies, and great knowledge of England. Earl Godwine played a massive role in Edward becoming a King; he persuaded the Earls to accept him. This may be so that Godwine could dominate Edward in ruling the country or to convince him of his loyalty. In the early years of Edwards reign, Godwine took advantage of his weak position and got his family members; Sweyn, Harold and Beorn the position of Earls. His Daughter Edith, also became Edwards wife in 1045, Godwine had used his power and authority to get his family members into strong position. Godwine was an â€Å"over mighty subject† and Edward needed to counteract this. To gain more power, Edward put Normans into powerful and key positions, his nephew Ralf was made an Earl, and large estates were given to Bretons (Robert Fitzwimarc and Ralf the Staller). By 1051, Edward had managed to appoint Normans as bishops, and eventually half were filled by Englishmen and the other half by Normans and other foreigners; Godwine and English Earls hated this. In 1050, the Archbishop of Canterbury died and instead of Godwine’s relative Aelfric being appointed, he made Robert of Jumieges Archbishop instead. The witans supported this decision, this may have been because Godwine was in such a strong position that the other Earls were jealous. So overall,Edward had not been a complete success with regards to gaining power over Godwine as he hadn’t managed to appoint all the positions to Normans and only got one up on Godwine when appointing archbishop as there was rivalry between the Earls. However, even though Edward had got one up on Godwine, Godwine was still responsible for the murder of his brother Alfred. Godwine had arrested Alfred and killed some of his followers, he was then taken out of Godwine’s hands and but on board a ship where soon afterwards he soon died. In 1046, Godwin’s eldest son Sweyn abducted a nun and used her as a sex slave, when this was put to light he was sent into exile to Flaunders and Denmark and his land was shared between his brother Harold and his cousin Beorn. As Godwine was unable to prevent this, its shows how King Edward did have some power over him. However, in 1049 Sweyn returned in the hope of getting Beorn and Harold to help him regains the Kings trust, they refused to do this which eventually led in Sweyn killing Beorn. Again, he had committed a crime, but this was of international significance as Beorn was the Kings brother. This resulted in Sweyn being declared as nothing by King Edward and his counsellors, with his lands being handed to the Kings French nephew, Ralf of Mantes. Again in 1050, Sweyn returned back to England and was surprisingly pardoned by the King. This shows that Edward was very naà ¯ve and vulnerable in respect with having to make decisions independently. The Godwine’s were an incredibly influential power in England, and Edwards actions show that he in unable to keep them out of power for very long. During Edwards reign, there was a big threat of England being invaded by the Scandinavians and Vikings. Some of these people had claims to the throne and wanted to take over the country and claim their positions. Swein had appealed for Edwards help however, Edward decided to adopt the â€Å"wait and see policy†. This policy was non-interventionist and meant that he didn’t get involved with other countries problems. In the end Harold Hardrada and Swein were fighting for supremacy in Scandinavia which meant they didn’t invade England. This resulted in the Foreign policy being a success. England was benefited hugely as people were financially wealthier as they didn’t have to pay extra tax, also Edward was becoming more independent in his decisions with law and order as his decisions only seemed to have positive effects on the country; during Edwards reign, England was not invaded, staying out of the situation kept England safe. Edwards popularity soared with the public as they were saving money which benefitted their families. Another problem Edward had to overcome during his reign was the domestic policy. Edward had to decide how the country needed ruling and what the best policies were. If he chooses an unpopular and inappropriate policy the country would be in a disaster and he would receive even less support which he desperately needed as he was already in a weak position. As the foreign policy was a great success, Edward was able to reform the domestic policy and abolished the yearly geld in 1051 which paid for 14 manned ships to be a permanent defence for the country, instead he made an agreement with the Cinque Ports, (these were Sandwich, Dover, Fordwich, Romney and Hythe). In emergencies these ports would supply manned warships to defend the country. This new policy meant that the public didn’t have to pay the geld but the Cinque Ports had to ensure that they were ready for an emergency. As a result the population became better off without having to pay the tax, therefore Edwards’s popularity dramatically increased putting him in a stronger position. Edward took a massive gamble with reforming the domestic policy; it was both naà ¯ve and forward thinking. If England had been invaded in Edwards reign it would have had a devastating effect on the country. On the other hand Edward gained a lot more support from the public; this strengthened his position as a King. Edward had succeeded in relation to the foreign policy and the domestic policy. Overall, I think that Edward was a successful King although some of his decisions succeeded down to luck. With regards to the powerful Earls, he was able to overcome this problem as he got many of his trusted Normans into key positions but because there were also power struggles between the Earls then in some decisions they supported him to degrade Godwine, so therefore they were not trusted and reliable allies to Kind Edward. Both the Foreign policy and the Domestic policy were a success, they gained support from the country but Edward was incredibly lucky that the country was not invaded during his reign. Edward was very forward thinking in his decisions, and did become a successful King even though in the first few years of his reign he faced many problems.